The Biotherapeutic Factory of the Future
Discover how our technologies could change the future of medicine
The Future of Medicine
With a rapidly increasing population and an ever rising average age, unfortunately, disease is a fact of life. However ongoing medical research is now unlocking the potential of not only traditional pharmaceutical drugs, but also newer biopharmaceuticals. These medicines are manufactured in, or extracted from biological materials, such as cells, bacteria and fungi.
Many current treatments offer a ‘one size fits all’ approach, meaning the same type of drug is administered to all patients with a particular disease; unfortunately patients don’t all respond in the same way. Whilst many patients respond well, others see no effect, and side effects often vary.
![A photo of CPI staff working in a laboratory A photo of CPI staff working in a laboratory](https://optimise2.assets-servd.host/smart-hoopoe/production/content/images/biotherapeutics-lead-image.jpg?w=1920&h=1080&q=60&fm=jpg&fit=crop&dm=1559218256&s=b39f42ffc18c0242f02b74c10f00c5ce 1920w, https://optimise2.assets-servd.host/smart-hoopoe/production/content/images/biotherapeutics-lead-image.jpg?w=1120&h=630&q=60&fm=jpg&fit=crop&dm=1559218256&s=394d7bb4536f708cd1999d26d89b72f8 1120w, https://optimise2.assets-servd.host/smart-hoopoe/production/content/images/biotherapeutics-lead-image.jpg?w=800&h=450&q=60&fm=jpg&fit=crop&dm=1559218256&s=f02ff159c5aa5a650c483a90ef82c837 800w, https://optimise2.assets-servd.host/smart-hoopoe/production/content/images/biotherapeutics-lead-image.jpg?w=1600&h=900&q=45&fm=jpg&fit=crop&dm=1559218256&s=dfca03f65e0bb5e166a5d21072acb687 1600w, https://optimise2.assets-servd.host/smart-hoopoe/production/content/images/biotherapeutics-lead-image.jpg?w=480&h=270&q=60&fm=jpg&fit=crop&dm=1559218256&s=87c0d1c7b89ba87903f794252a2c0afa 480w, https://optimise2.assets-servd.host/smart-hoopoe/production/content/images/biotherapeutics-lead-image.jpg?w=960&h=540&q=45&fm=jpg&fit=crop&dm=1559218256&s=1ff77c14b3b2f37630a1eaeda71ab656 960w)
The vast amount of data collected during the Human Genome Project, and ongoing medical research, is helping us understand the underlying causes of disease. In turn, this is allowing doctors to identify the patient groups that are most likely to respond well to a new treatment.
As we look forward it is likely that many more drugs will be targeted to smaller cohorts of patients. However, this creates challenges. How do we make sure these new drugs are affordable, and what is the best way to get them to the patients?
Millions of people suffer every day from disease
![A photo of a crowded street in a city A photo of a crowded street in a city](https://optimise2.assets-servd.host/smart-hoopoe/production/content/images/people.jpg?w=1920&h=1080&q=60&fm=jpg&fit=crop&dm=1559212272&s=11ffe0e26d4d6a74614adb17f7575a22 1920w, https://optimise2.assets-servd.host/smart-hoopoe/production/content/images/people.jpg?w=1120&h=630&q=60&fm=jpg&fit=crop&dm=1559212272&s=31996c827724f0292d4fc50f3378fd01 1120w, https://optimise2.assets-servd.host/smart-hoopoe/production/content/images/people.jpg?w=800&h=450&q=60&fm=jpg&fit=crop&dm=1559212272&s=41aaeb789be68aab083826d270e9aff5 800w, https://optimise2.assets-servd.host/smart-hoopoe/production/content/images/people.jpg?w=1600&h=900&q=45&fm=jpg&fit=crop&dm=1559212272&s=fe90ed8b76987c01ff2ffc28737148c0 1600w, https://optimise2.assets-servd.host/smart-hoopoe/production/content/images/people.jpg?w=480&h=270&q=60&fm=jpg&fit=crop&dm=1559212272&s=06827dc74ccce3b5a827c7787804bc3e 480w, https://optimise2.assets-servd.host/smart-hoopoe/production/content/images/people.jpg?w=960&h=540&q=45&fm=jpg&fit=crop&dm=1559212272&s=4d077a39a105c58c738ab233a0f6ac63 960w)
Meeting the health needs of 7 billion people worldwide using current treatments is unsustainable. By increasing the flexibility and cost effectiveness of producing new treatments, you enable the scalability and responsiveness necessary to meet our changing needs and save lives.
- In 2014 alone, the Ebola epidemic killed over 7000.
- Studies show 50% of the world’s population will develop cancer in their lifetime.
- By 2050, 1 in 5 people are to be aged 60 and over.
![](https://optimise2.assets-servd.host/smart-hoopoe/production/content/images/ebola-03.jpg?w=1920&h=1080&q=60&fm=jpg&fit=crop&dm=1559224184&s=ecdee9c962e1337831b57f9d051c2d9d 1920w, https://optimise2.assets-servd.host/smart-hoopoe/production/content/images/ebola-03.jpg?w=1120&h=630&q=60&fm=jpg&fit=crop&dm=1559224184&s=21ba0494de15b5eec3e656de99349e5e 1120w, https://optimise2.assets-servd.host/smart-hoopoe/production/content/images/ebola-03.jpg?w=800&h=450&q=60&fm=jpg&fit=crop&dm=1559224184&s=a03a46ae3861e61f494a7f16e313e27d 800w, https://optimise2.assets-servd.host/smart-hoopoe/production/content/images/ebola-03.jpg?w=1600&h=900&q=45&fm=jpg&fit=crop&dm=1559224184&s=9dc339284fb9f849ede8ac5e26823401 1600w, https://optimise2.assets-servd.host/smart-hoopoe/production/content/images/ebola-03.jpg?w=480&h=270&q=60&fm=jpg&fit=crop&dm=1559224184&s=bdcf2ac339ba3675f762152ef50b1576 480w, https://optimise2.assets-servd.host/smart-hoopoe/production/content/images/ebola-03.jpg?w=960&h=540&q=45&fm=jpg&fit=crop&dm=1559224184&s=19a792db68a3f061ea9e7de2ee218eba 960w)
![](https://optimise2.assets-servd.host/smart-hoopoe/production/content/images/ebola-01.jpg?w=1920&h=1080&q=60&fm=jpg&fit=crop&dm=1559224198&s=c9b0834a78900fed0b6ca806da68c7c0 1920w, https://optimise2.assets-servd.host/smart-hoopoe/production/content/images/ebola-01.jpg?w=1120&h=630&q=60&fm=jpg&fit=crop&dm=1559224198&s=5a94d867d31ca225d06ae2059fda0993 1120w, https://optimise2.assets-servd.host/smart-hoopoe/production/content/images/ebola-01.jpg?w=800&h=450&q=60&fm=jpg&fit=crop&dm=1559224198&s=b05be566bf3e54ec68caa4f09af5b74f 800w, https://optimise2.assets-servd.host/smart-hoopoe/production/content/images/ebola-01.jpg?w=1600&h=900&q=45&fm=jpg&fit=crop&dm=1559224198&s=43840a8dc1c2f9d0b20474a4091a3abc 1600w, https://optimise2.assets-servd.host/smart-hoopoe/production/content/images/ebola-01.jpg?w=480&h=270&q=60&fm=jpg&fit=crop&dm=1559224198&s=06d2b3741900d04e92090ccc7bdf3b7d 480w, https://optimise2.assets-servd.host/smart-hoopoe/production/content/images/ebola-01.jpg?w=960&h=540&q=45&fm=jpg&fit=crop&dm=1559224198&s=aa08094d8dd1e2505644df706a11f1ad 960w)
The challenge
![A photo of vials of liquid on a workbench A photo of vials of liquid on a workbench](https://optimise2.assets-servd.host/smart-hoopoe/production/content/images/159025552-w1000h563.jpg?w=800&h=450&q=60&fm=jpg&fit=crop&dm=1559219606&s=57f3ad293a2f66185fb80b3f866954c0 800w, https://optimise2.assets-servd.host/smart-hoopoe/production/content/images/159025552-w1000h563.jpg?w=480&h=270&q=60&fm=jpg&fit=crop&dm=1559219606&s=36748c5c4de0a68ef5eca3040ca04166 480w, https://optimise2.assets-servd.host/smart-hoopoe/production/content/images/159025552-w1000h563.jpg?w=960&h=540&q=45&fm=jpg&fit=crop&dm=1559219606&s=e8a8155e9805d1ad7ae2633703a44deb 960w)
The traditional model of large scale facilities with high capital costs and a vast requirement for highly purified services has served the industry well, but recently, there has been much discussion on what form the biopharmaceutical manufacturing factory will take in the future. Many factors, both economic and technical, are challenging the current model and driving the industry towards a radical redesign of its processes and manufacturing facilities.
Economic factors include the need to reduce capital investment required for new facilities and the need to reduce cost of goods for biopharmaceutical therapies. Technical drivers of change include the move towards novel types of molecule and the rise of stratified and ultimately personalised medicines.
The entire industry, from drug discovery to manufacturing, process technology developers and suppliers to healthcare providers and regulators, are actively seeking better ways of discovering, developing and manufacturing drugs. The opportunities for innovators that take up the challenge are significant, with a growing worldwide market for potential solutions.
![A photo of medicines being manufactured A photo of medicines being manufactured](https://optimise2.assets-servd.host/smart-hoopoe/production/content/images/biologics-4.jpg?w=1920&h=1080&q=60&fm=jpg&fit=crop&dm=1559220497&s=ed6502fa16a515b60a9e13beb2eae8e7 1920w, https://optimise2.assets-servd.host/smart-hoopoe/production/content/images/biologics-4.jpg?w=1120&h=630&q=60&fm=jpg&fit=crop&dm=1559220497&s=92114f1dda36f44bff73b7b225f477a3 1120w, https://optimise2.assets-servd.host/smart-hoopoe/production/content/images/biologics-4.jpg?w=800&h=450&q=60&fm=jpg&fit=crop&dm=1559220497&s=a904c6a65e0269e16cc3360976498f82 800w, https://optimise2.assets-servd.host/smart-hoopoe/production/content/images/biologics-4.jpg?w=1600&h=900&q=45&fm=jpg&fit=crop&dm=1559220497&s=6ad1196daf6fbc5893a3d0f2e5aed93d 1600w, https://optimise2.assets-servd.host/smart-hoopoe/production/content/images/biologics-4.jpg?w=480&h=270&q=60&fm=jpg&fit=crop&dm=1559220497&s=8c92189444e0c67326d1e564547bf885 480w, https://optimise2.assets-servd.host/smart-hoopoe/production/content/images/biologics-4.jpg?w=960&h=540&q=45&fm=jpg&fit=crop&dm=1559220497&s=74fb9c4cccc93a4f4fd239628a516371 960w)
Examples of current challenges include:
- Most biopharmaceuticals are manufactured in a small number of locations around the globe, usually in bulk quantities
- The scale of operation is several orders of magnitude greater than required for smaller cohorts of patients
- Manufacturers cannot quickly reconfigure between products, and tend to produce medicines in long campaigns
- Many of the process technologies required to manufacture small lots of medicines are not currently available, though there are many technologies that are used in small scale process development which could form the basis of appropriately sized process technologies
The solution
![A photo of what the biotherapeutic factory of the future might look like A photo of what the biotherapeutic factory of the future might look like](https://optimise2.assets-servd.host/smart-hoopoe/production/content/images/factory-future-04.jpg?w=1920&h=1080&q=60&fm=jpg&fit=crop&dm=1559223653&s=bbd51bcc755cd4b9dddd2b9ef8ddb9ef 1920w, https://optimise2.assets-servd.host/smart-hoopoe/production/content/images/factory-future-04.jpg?w=1120&h=630&q=60&fm=jpg&fit=crop&dm=1559223653&s=9d047bd0e2b415abf4bdac373d497dca 1120w, https://optimise2.assets-servd.host/smart-hoopoe/production/content/images/factory-future-04.jpg?w=800&h=450&q=60&fm=jpg&fit=crop&dm=1559223653&s=7a3bc876e02a921e9067017593387c38 800w, https://optimise2.assets-servd.host/smart-hoopoe/production/content/images/factory-future-04.jpg?w=1600&h=900&q=45&fm=jpg&fit=crop&dm=1559223653&s=590966209953c9b69168ca05cbbe8c1b 1600w, https://optimise2.assets-servd.host/smart-hoopoe/production/content/images/factory-future-04.jpg?w=480&h=270&q=60&fm=jpg&fit=crop&dm=1559223653&s=a2fc48daee43bbd1eb0de5978ba83981 480w, https://optimise2.assets-servd.host/smart-hoopoe/production/content/images/factory-future-04.jpg?w=960&h=540&q=45&fm=jpg&fit=crop&dm=1559223653&s=97db392995202d936192df2d666599c2 960w)
Given the current challenges, it is likely that as we look forward into the future we will see a fundamental shift in the way we manufacture biopharmaceutical products. Whilst current manufacturing plants will remain in operation for some time to serve the market for large volume therapies, for a new generation of products a different approach to manufacturing will need to be found.
What might the Factory of the Future look like?
![A photo of what medicine manufacturing might look like in the future A photo of what medicine manufacturing might look like in the future](https://optimise2.assets-servd.host/smart-hoopoe/production/content/images/factory-future-01.jpg?w=1920&h=1080&q=60&fm=jpg&fit=crop&dm=1559223667&s=746e132ef286dc8163df009b22d7878f 1920w, https://optimise2.assets-servd.host/smart-hoopoe/production/content/images/factory-future-01.jpg?w=1120&h=630&q=60&fm=jpg&fit=crop&dm=1559223667&s=5148448d6ab2b7a52cd6251d267a4969 1120w, https://optimise2.assets-servd.host/smart-hoopoe/production/content/images/factory-future-01.jpg?w=800&h=450&q=60&fm=jpg&fit=crop&dm=1559223667&s=5805c43a4c9e7839d78276ab9892d830 800w, https://optimise2.assets-servd.host/smart-hoopoe/production/content/images/factory-future-01.jpg?w=1600&h=900&q=45&fm=jpg&fit=crop&dm=1559223667&s=01f393eeec6c4eb478e92d43e19ea7e1 1600w, https://optimise2.assets-servd.host/smart-hoopoe/production/content/images/factory-future-01.jpg?w=480&h=270&q=60&fm=jpg&fit=crop&dm=1559223667&s=3f7db13e8256b0db832e1efb48fa59d7 480w, https://optimise2.assets-servd.host/smart-hoopoe/production/content/images/factory-future-01.jpg?w=960&h=540&q=45&fm=jpg&fit=crop&dm=1559223667&s=0d4b2537564027ca7d20d525010e39c2 960w)
Based on the future manufacturing needs for producing small quantities of many different products in a cost-effective way, it is possible to formulate a view of the physical form of a future processing unit. The process technologies necessary to manufacture a product, from upstream to downstream, could be integrated into a small format unit, that ideally will be self-contained and therefore not require the levels of physical containment currently achieved in clean rooms.
Operation of the unit would rely on automation in the main, with very little human intervention. Early forms of the unit may include small-scale, disposable versions of current technologies, such as bioreactors, chromatography columns and membrane filtration units.
![A photo of what a portable biotherapeutic factory of the future might look like A photo of what a portable biotherapeutic factory of the future might look like](https://optimise2.assets-servd.host/smart-hoopoe/production/content/images/factory-future-02.jpg?w=1920&h=1080&q=60&fm=jpg&fit=crop&dm=1559223609&s=caceec27903d85dc0e9d568a3fd36389 1920w, https://optimise2.assets-servd.host/smart-hoopoe/production/content/images/factory-future-02.jpg?w=1120&h=630&q=60&fm=jpg&fit=crop&dm=1559223609&s=7994b9da69c3c70e0776756965f4b443 1120w, https://optimise2.assets-servd.host/smart-hoopoe/production/content/images/factory-future-02.jpg?w=800&h=450&q=60&fm=jpg&fit=crop&dm=1559223609&s=25b1598bee58d774a82ddaa2391d880f 800w, https://optimise2.assets-servd.host/smart-hoopoe/production/content/images/factory-future-02.jpg?w=1600&h=900&q=45&fm=jpg&fit=crop&dm=1559223609&s=1f6875c8b503e0e425dd67f95ce7f4b6 1600w, https://optimise2.assets-servd.host/smart-hoopoe/production/content/images/factory-future-02.jpg?w=480&h=270&q=60&fm=jpg&fit=crop&dm=1559223609&s=1b815f8925d11fe44cd00f9b75e8e9bb 480w, https://optimise2.assets-servd.host/smart-hoopoe/production/content/images/factory-future-02.jpg?w=960&h=540&q=45&fm=jpg&fit=crop&dm=1559223609&s=cae1a8248de609d5c5335aca19c9def0 960w)
However, with the limitations of existing technologies there is likely to be more emphasis on developing new technologies that are more compatible with newer, small scale operations and end user demands.
One of the key attributes of the factory of the future will be the ability to provide real time measurement and control to enable a real time release of products. This represents one of the greatest development challenges, in that there are few if any technologies that are currently available off the shelf to facilitate this operation. The ultimate goal is to give patients access to effective medicines when and where they are required, using sustainable and cost effective methods.
![A photo of what hospital wards could look like using the biotherapeutic factory of the future A photo of what hospital wards could look like using the biotherapeutic factory of the future](https://optimise2.assets-servd.host/smart-hoopoe/production/content/images/factory-future-03.jpg?w=1920&h=1080&q=60&fm=jpg&fit=crop&dm=1559223659&s=4f5cf1ff12aa28079af1b408d145500f 1920w, https://optimise2.assets-servd.host/smart-hoopoe/production/content/images/factory-future-03.jpg?w=1120&h=630&q=60&fm=jpg&fit=crop&dm=1559223659&s=a4363074e6a7118d3df71b620cb58331 1120w, https://optimise2.assets-servd.host/smart-hoopoe/production/content/images/factory-future-03.jpg?w=800&h=450&q=60&fm=jpg&fit=crop&dm=1559223659&s=e77691fad75b57d57034269867c2a9fd 800w, https://optimise2.assets-servd.host/smart-hoopoe/production/content/images/factory-future-03.jpg?w=1600&h=900&q=45&fm=jpg&fit=crop&dm=1559223659&s=46dcd41916b31dbe9dab9dd08977b73b 1600w, https://optimise2.assets-servd.host/smart-hoopoe/production/content/images/factory-future-03.jpg?w=480&h=270&q=60&fm=jpg&fit=crop&dm=1559223659&s=a797a4313f4c4a18000c8c0eeedd1016 480w, https://optimise2.assets-servd.host/smart-hoopoe/production/content/images/factory-future-03.jpg?w=960&h=540&q=45&fm=jpg&fit=crop&dm=1559223659&s=6a9491eea1d7997a2fa9d7b875b5092c 960w)
Future Treatment Cycle
![1. The Symptom 1. The Symptom](https://optimise2.assets-servd.host/smart-hoopoe/production/content/images/treatment-01-1.jpg?w=100&h=100&q=60&fm=jpg&fit=crop&dm=1559214665&s=e61c822a70795d756a9c5478c52a6a41 100w, https://optimise2.assets-servd.host/smart-hoopoe/production/content/images/treatment-01-1.jpg?w=200&h=200&q=60&fm=jpg&fit=crop&dm=1559214665&s=5fa42a9772598a3e6567be272e87e538 200w, https://optimise2.assets-servd.host/smart-hoopoe/production/content/images/treatment-01-1.jpg?w=400&h=400&q=45&fm=jpg&fit=crop&dm=1559214665&s=fd268b8e1880dda14dd735ca7ab22471 400w, https://optimise2.assets-servd.host/smart-hoopoe/production/content/images/treatment-01-1.jpg?w=300&h=300&q=60&fm=jpg&fit=crop&dm=1559214665&s=43d515bda1242846ab53b5d1ec983482 300w, https://optimise2.assets-servd.host/smart-hoopoe/production/content/images/treatment-01-1.jpg?w=600&h=600&q=45&fm=jpg&fit=crop&dm=1559214665&s=adaab4635e28c7ed9c7f83b5ce844a0e 600w)
1. The Symptom
A patient presents to primary care clinic with symptoms.
![2. The Diagnosis 2. The Diagnosis](https://optimise2.assets-servd.host/smart-hoopoe/production/content/images/treatment-02.jpg?w=100&h=100&q=60&fm=jpg&fit=crop&dm=1559214655&s=ce6db451666a99585a1a5da156ceaac2 100w, https://optimise2.assets-servd.host/smart-hoopoe/production/content/images/treatment-02.jpg?w=200&h=200&q=60&fm=jpg&fit=crop&dm=1559214655&s=92fa021bf6561183abd984378132461a 200w, https://optimise2.assets-servd.host/smart-hoopoe/production/content/images/treatment-02.jpg?w=400&h=400&q=45&fm=jpg&fit=crop&dm=1559214655&s=dbeac0037117767d0d8895bf5b77678f 400w, https://optimise2.assets-servd.host/smart-hoopoe/production/content/images/treatment-02.jpg?w=300&h=300&q=60&fm=jpg&fit=crop&dm=1559214655&s=ce026794c80afb12d631c8546a68187a 300w, https://optimise2.assets-servd.host/smart-hoopoe/production/content/images/treatment-02.jpg?w=600&h=600&q=45&fm=jpg&fit=crop&dm=1559214655&s=7fd7cfc0fd33ee6b9f0f25aa39224e6b 600w)
2. The Diagnosis
Diagnostics are performed to categorise the disease and determine the most effective therapeutic treatments.
![3. Treatment is Manufactured 3. Treatment is Manufactured](https://optimise2.assets-servd.host/smart-hoopoe/production/content/images/treatment-05.jpg?w=100&h=100&q=60&fm=jpg&fit=crop&dm=1559214650&s=0122f5acfb7364d34ff09898c1e587ee 100w, https://optimise2.assets-servd.host/smart-hoopoe/production/content/images/treatment-05.jpg?w=200&h=200&q=60&fm=jpg&fit=crop&dm=1559214650&s=fc7c8953b69e305fac54b643296873f1 200w, https://optimise2.assets-servd.host/smart-hoopoe/production/content/images/treatment-05.jpg?w=400&h=400&q=45&fm=jpg&fit=crop&dm=1559214650&s=f774acf52f4a0d4d54b5ebe68734518f 400w, https://optimise2.assets-servd.host/smart-hoopoe/production/content/images/treatment-05.jpg?w=300&h=300&q=60&fm=jpg&fit=crop&dm=1559214650&s=748d07051068dc97ac41c8399810a89e 300w, https://optimise2.assets-servd.host/smart-hoopoe/production/content/images/treatment-05.jpg?w=600&h=600&q=45&fm=jpg&fit=crop&dm=1559214650&s=dcc0e418e3a4917d79bee3f5d59e8ee1 600w)
3. Treatment is Manufactured
Patients are identified with similar biological characteristics. Treatment is manufactured using small-scale manufacturing units.
![4. Bespoke Treatment Developed 4. Bespoke Treatment Developed](https://optimise2.assets-servd.host/smart-hoopoe/production/content/images/treatment-03.jpg?w=100&h=100&q=60&fm=jpg&fit=crop&dm=1559214594&s=ccbfc47b74ca3c8c6ce99e10f9548679 100w, https://optimise2.assets-servd.host/smart-hoopoe/production/content/images/treatment-03.jpg?w=200&h=200&q=60&fm=jpg&fit=crop&dm=1559214594&s=50e6d08a281f506420577671dffcee6d 200w, https://optimise2.assets-servd.host/smart-hoopoe/production/content/images/treatment-03.jpg?w=400&h=400&q=45&fm=jpg&fit=crop&dm=1559214594&s=4fe9d613f6d1abc3f9e60d22019ff949 400w, https://optimise2.assets-servd.host/smart-hoopoe/production/content/images/treatment-03.jpg?w=300&h=300&q=60&fm=jpg&fit=crop&dm=1559214594&s=578ca4a2e927317f614139c0272b975d 300w, https://optimise2.assets-servd.host/smart-hoopoe/production/content/images/treatment-03.jpg?w=600&h=600&q=45&fm=jpg&fit=crop&dm=1559214594&s=b9f0708718803cabdfd1e8239936bec3 600w)
4. Bespoke Treatment Developed
A bespoke treatment is developed for an individual patient and the personalised drug is manufactured on demand using an onsite unit.
![5. Treatment Administered 5. Treatment Administered](https://optimise2.assets-servd.host/smart-hoopoe/production/content/images/treatment-4.jpg?w=100&h=100&q=60&fm=jpg&fit=crop&dm=1559214648&s=3c72cc1648ba005e80106edf93990b55 100w, https://optimise2.assets-servd.host/smart-hoopoe/production/content/images/treatment-4.jpg?w=200&h=200&q=60&fm=jpg&fit=crop&dm=1559214648&s=92ca925139d86c7f1bf0a0066bd83381 200w, https://optimise2.assets-servd.host/smart-hoopoe/production/content/images/treatment-4.jpg?w=400&h=400&q=45&fm=jpg&fit=crop&dm=1559214648&s=478bd3b3addfd378e87b8d891cc1e7a4 400w, https://optimise2.assets-servd.host/smart-hoopoe/production/content/images/treatment-4.jpg?w=300&h=300&q=60&fm=jpg&fit=crop&dm=1559214648&s=3896cf7dff0884cf97af742410534bae 300w, https://optimise2.assets-servd.host/smart-hoopoe/production/content/images/treatment-4.jpg?w=600&h=600&q=45&fm=jpg&fit=crop&dm=1559214648&s=d7acfac3c434f0a5bbba6fa00091fe4e 600w)
5. Treatment Administered
The patient is administered with the course of treatment.