Jagdeep’s general background is in materials science and electrochemistry. He started his career in energy materials during his PhD, which focused on utilising waste gases from the steel industry to produce high-surface-area carbon-based materials for application in supercapacitors (sponsored by Tata Steel). He then transitioned into the battery sector, working as Senior Product Development Scientist at Johnson Matthey, where his focus for three years was on the synthesis and optimisation of Ni-rich cathode active materials. Following this, Jagdeep joined a cell manufacturing company (BritishVolt) where he was involved in screening, benchmarking and down-selecting anode and cathode active materials for cell development projects. Jagdeep joined CPI in 2023, where his recent work is focused on coin/​pouch cell construction and electrochemical testing. He is currently involved in two Horizon EU battery projects: (1) HealingBat, working on the development of self-healing concepts for lithium-sulfur cells, and (2) Full-Map, as a workpackage lead in the area of high-throughput screening.